Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom noj tsiaj
Vim qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv, cov khoom noj tsiaj yog pom tseeb txawv ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg thiab nqaij qaib noj.Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev yug tsiaj txhu thiab nqaij qaib yog muab rau tib neeg nrog cov khoom xws li nqaij, qe, mis nyuj thiab pluab, nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tau txais txiaj ntsig kev lag luam ntau dua.Yog li ntawd, nws cov khoom noj muaj kev lag luam ntau dua, xws li pub hloov pauv hloov pauv, pub-rau-qhov hnyav piv thiab qhov nruab nrab qhov hnyav txhua hnub.Cov tsiaj feem ntau suav hais tias yog cov neeg hauv tsev neeg thiab yog tib neeg cov phooj ywg thiab kev nplij siab.Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev yug tsiaj, tib neeg tau them nyiaj ntau rau kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov tsiaj, thiab kev lag luam yuav luag tsis quav ntsej.Yog li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb tsom mus rau cov tsiaj pub noj yog muab cov tsiaj uas muaj kev noj qab haus huv ntau dua thiab sib npaug, feem ntau yog muab txhua yam tsiaj nrog cov kev ua ub no hauv lub neej, kev loj hlob thiab kev noj qab haus huv.Nws muaj qhov zoo ntawm qhov nqus tau siab, cov qauv kev tshawb fawb, cov qauv zoo, yooj yim noj thiab siv, tiv thaiv qee yam kab mob thiab ua rau lub neej ntev.
Cov Khoom Noj Tsiaj Tsiaj Xav Tau Kev Tshawb Fawb
Tam sim no, dev thiab miv tseem yog cov tsiaj tseem ceeb khaws cia hauv tsev neeg, thiab lawv txoj kev zom zaub mov txawv txawv.Cov dev yog omnivores, thaum miv yog carnivores.Tab sis lawv kuj qhia qee qhov zoo ib yam, xws li tsis muaj salivary amylase thiab lub plab zom mov luv uas tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov vitamin D.
1. Cov kev xav tau ntawm cov dev
Cov txheej txheem kev noj zaub mov ntawm canine luam tawm los ntawm Canine Nutrition Committee (CNE), tus tswv cuab ntawm American Association of Feed Supervisors (AAFCO), tau txais los ntawm ntau lub tuam txhab khoom noj tsiaj.theem.Cov dev noj qab haus huv tuaj yeem tsim cov vitamin C hauv lub cev, tab sis lwm cov khoom noj khoom haus, xws li vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6 thiab vitamin D, yuav tsum tau ntxiv los ntawm tus tswv.Lwm qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm tus dev lub plab zom mov yog tias lawv tuaj yeem tsim ntau yam khoom noj tseem ceeb, xws li niacin, taurine, thiab arginine.Cov dev muaj kev xav tau calcium ntau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov menyuam dev loj hlob thiab lactating bitches, yog li lawv cov khoom noj khoom haus xav tau ntau dua li miv, thiab lawv zom tsis tau fiber ntau.Cov dev muaj qhov hnov ntxhiab tsw, yog li kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau kev siv cov tshuaj tsw qab, vim tias me me, ntau ntau, lossis cov ntxhiab tsw tsis zoo los ntawm cov metabolites tuaj yeem ua rau lawv tsis kam noj.
2. Cov kev xav tau ntawm cov miv
Hauv cov miv, lawv tuaj yeem catabolize thiab siv cov amino acids ua lub zog rau gluconeogenesis.Kev loj hlob ntawm cov khoom noj yuav tsum muaj cov protein txaus, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov protein (tsiaj protein) feem ntau yuav tsum ntau tshaj 22%.Ib tug miv noj zaub mov muaj 52% protein, 36% rog, thiab 12% carbohydrate.
Raws li ib tug khub tsiaj, glossy fur yog ib qho tseem ceeb qhia txog miv noj qab haus huv.Kev noj zaub mov yuav tsum muab cov roj ntsha tsis muaj roj (linoleic acid) uas tsis tuaj yeem tsim los yog ua tsis tau zoo hauv lub cev, tab sis cov ntsiab lus ntawm unsaturated fatty acid yuav tsum tsis txhob siab dhau, txwv tsis pub nws yuav yooj yim ua rau miv daj rog.Miv tuaj yeem tsim cov vitamin K, vitamin D, vitamin C thiab vitamin B, thiab lwm yam, tab sis ntxiv rau cov vitamin K thiab vitamin C uas tuaj yeem ua tau raws li lawv tus kheej xav tau, tag nrho lwm tus yuav tsum tau ntxiv, uas txhais tau hais tias kev noj zaub mov tsis tuaj yeem muab txaus. vitamin A.
Tsis tas li ntawd, miv xav tau cov vitamin E thiab taurine ntau ntau, thiab cov vitamin A ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau nws muaj toxicity.Miv rhiab heev rau vitamin E tsis txaus, thiab cov vitamin E tsawg tuaj yeem ua rau cov leeg nqaij dystrophy.Vim qhov loj ntawm unsaturated fatty acids nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj miv, qhov xav tau ntawm cov vitamin E yog loj, thiab cov lus pom zoo supplementation yog 30 IU / kg.Muaj kev tshawb fawb ntseeg tias taurine tsis muaj peev xwm yuav ua rau qeeb qeeb thiab degeneration ntawm miv cov paj hlwb, uas yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub retina ntawm lub qhov muag.Cov khoom noj miv feem ntau ntxiv 0.1 (qhuav) rau 0.2 (thawv) g / kg.Yog li ntawd, cov khoom noj tsiaj cov khoom noj yog cov nqaij tshiab thiab cov tsiaj tua tsiaj los yog cov nqaij noj thiab cov nplej, uas txawv heev ntawm cov khoom siv raw (pob kws, taum pluas noj, paj rwb pluas noj thiab rapeseed pluas noj, thiab lwm yam) siv hauv cov tsiaj nyeg thiab nqaij qaib. pub.
Kev faib cov khoom noj tsiaj
Piv nrog rau cov tsiaj nyeg ib txwm muaj thiab cov nqaij qaib pub nrog ib qho khoom tsim, muaj ntau yam khoom noj tsiaj, uas zoo ib yam li tib neeg cov zaub mov.Calcium, vitamins thiab protein thiab lwm yam khoom noj khoom haus), khoom noj txom ncauj (cov kaus poom, pob ntawv tshiab, nqaij strips thiab jerky rau miv thiab dev, thiab lwm yam) thiab zaub mov noj, thiab txawm tias qee yam khoom noj lom zem xws li zom.
Cov tswv tsiaj muaj kev txaus siab ntxiv rau cov khoom noj uas muaj cov khoom xyaw noj qab haus huv (oats, barley, thiab lwm yam), uas tuaj yeem txo qis kev rog thiab tiv thaiv ntshav qab zib, thiab kev noj zaub mov ntau dua yog cuam tshuam nrog txo qis cov tshuaj insulin.Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tsiaj pub, ntxiv rau kom ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau noj zaub mov ntsuas, them nyiaj ntau rau lub palatability ntawm pub, uas yog, qhov tsw.
Kev siv tshuab ua khoom noj tsiaj
Pet feed processing thev naus laus zis yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev tsim khoom noj khoom haus thiab kev siv tshuab thiab khoom noj khoom haus technology.Kev siv tshuab ntawm ntau hom tsiaj pub yog qhov sib txawv, tab sis kev ua haujlwm engineering ntawm lwm cov tsiaj pub tshwj tsis yog cov zaub mov kaus poom tau txais kev siv tshuab extrusion.Kev tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm extrusion tuaj yeem txhim kho cov gelatinization qib ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, yog li ua rau kom nqus tau thiab siv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab los ntawm tus tsiaj txoj hnyuv.Vim tias qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov khoom xyaw ib txwm noj, kev siv cov khoom xyaw uas twb muaj lawm tsis zoo tuaj yeem txhim kho los ntawm kev siv tshuab extrusion.Cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus, suav nrog kev tsim khoom, kev hloov pauv (kev ua, ntim khoom, thiab daim ntawv lo), kev faib khoom (khoom muag, khw muag khoom, thiab kev thauj mus los), hauv thiab tawm (khoom muag, kev pabcuam zaub mov, thiab kev pabcuam zaub mov thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev), thiab kev noj (kev npaj. thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev noj qab haus huv).
Semi-moist tsiaj cov khoom noj kuj feem ntau yog tsim los siv cov txheej txheem extrusion zoo ib yam li cov khoom noj qhuav qhuav, tab sis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb vim qhov sib txawv ntawm kev tsim, nrog rau cov nqaij los yog nqaij los ntawm cov khoom feem ntau tau ntxiv ua ntej lossis thaum lub sij hawm extrusion Slurry, Cov ntsiab lus dej yog 25% ~ 35%.Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom noj mos puffed yog qhov pib zoo ib yam li cov khoom noj khoom haus qhuav, tab sis cov khoom siv raw khoom yog ze rau cov khoom noj ib nrab, thiab cov ntsiab lus dej yog 27% ~ 32%.Thaum nws yog tov nrog qhuav puffed zaub mov thiab ib nrab moist, cov zaub mov tuaj yeem txhim kho.Lub palatability yog nrov nrog cov tswv tsiaj.Cov zaub mov ci thiab khoom noj khoom haus - feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov txheej txheem ib txwm ua, suav nrog kev ua khob noom cookie, txiav los yog stamping, thiab qhov cub ci.Cov khoom lag luam feem ntau zoo li cov pob txha lossis lwm cov duab los hais rau cov neeg siv khoom, tab sis nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no cov khoom noj tsiaj kuj tau ua los ntawm extrusion, yog ua rau cov zaub mov qhuav los yog cov khoom noj ib nrab.
Post lub sij hawm: Apr-08-2022